Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 11, 2
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d3 4s2
Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.4
1. Ionization potential: 6.7463 eV
2. Ionization potential: 14.65 eV
3. Ionization potential: 29.31 eV
Oxidation states: 5, 4, 3, 2, 0
Electrical conductivity: 0.0489 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 1890 °C ±10
Boiling point: 3407 °C
Specific heat: 0.49 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 20.90 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 0.452 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.307 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.92 Å
Ionic radius: 0.54 Å (+5)
Covalent radius: 1.22 Å
Atomic volume: 8.78 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 5.8 g/cm³
Crystal structure: cubic body centered
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