Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 10, 2
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d2 4s2
Electronegativity: 1.5, 1.3
1. Ionization potential: 6.8282 eV
2. Ionization potential: 13.58 eV
3. Ionization potential: 27.491 eV
Oxidation states: 4, 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0234 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 1668 °C ±10
Boiling point: 3287 °C
Specific heat: 0.52 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 15.450 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 421.00 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.219 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 2.00 Å
Ionic radius: 0.61 Å (+4)
Covalent radius: 1.32 Å
Atomic volume: 10.64 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 4.50 g/cm³
Crystal structure: hexagonal
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