Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 9, 2
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d1 4s2
Electronegativity: 1.3, 1.2
1. Ionization potential: 6.5614 eV
2. Ionization potential: 12.80 eV
3. Ionization potential: 24.76 eV
Oxidation states: 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0177 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 1541 °C
Boiling point: 2830 °C
Specific heat: 0.6 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 14.10 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 314.20 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.158 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 2.09 Å
Ionic radius: 0.75 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.44 Å
Atomic volume: 15.0 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 3.0 g/cm³
Crystal structure: hexagonal
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