Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 12, 1
Orbitals: [Kr] 4d4 5s1
Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.2
1. Ionization potential: 6.7589 eV
2. Ionization potential: 14.32 eV
3. Ionization potential: 25.04 eV
Oxidation states: 5, 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0693 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 2468 °C ±10
Boiling point: 4742 °C
Specific heat: 0.26 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 26.40 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 682.0 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.537 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 2.08 Å
Ionic radius: 0.64 Å (+5)
Covalent radius: 1.34 Å
Atomic volume: 10.87 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 8.57 g/cm³
Crystal structure: cubic body centered
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