Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 18, 3
Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p1
Electronegativity: 1.7, 1.5
1. Ionization potential: 5.7864 eV
2. Ionization potential: 18.869 eV
3. Ionization potential: 28.03 eV
Oxidation states: 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.116 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 156.61 °C
Boiling point: 2080 °C
Specific heat: 0.23 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 3.263 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 231.50 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.816 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 2.00 Å
Ionic radius: 0.80 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.44 Å
Atomic volume: 15.7 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 7.31 g/cm³
Crystal structure: tetragonal
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