Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 4
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2
Electronegativity: 1.8, 2.0
1. Ionization potential: 7.900 eV
2. Ionization potential: 15.934 eV
3. Ionization potential: 34.22 eV
Oxidation states: 4
Electrical conductivity: 1.45e-8 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 937.4 °C
Boiling point: 2830 °C
Specific heat: 0.32 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 36.940 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 330.90 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.599 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.52 Å
Ionic radius: 0.53 Å (+4)
Covalent radius: 1.22 Å
Atomic volume: 13.6 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 5.323 g/cm³
Crystal structure: cubic face centered
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