Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 18, 7
Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p5
Electronegativity: 2.5, 2.2
1. Ionization potential: 10.4513 eV
2. Ionization potential: 19.131 eV
3. Ionization potential: 33.0 eV
Oxidation states: 7, 5, 1, -1
Electrical conductivity: 8.0e-16 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 113.5 °C
Boiling point: 184.35 °C
Specific heat: 0.214 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 7.824 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 20.752 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.00449 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.32 Å
Ionic radius: 2.20 Å (-1)
Covalent radius: 1.33 Å
Atomic volume: 25.74 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 4.93 g/cm³
Crystal structure: orthorhombic
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