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| Electronic data | Thermal data | Steric data |
|---|---|---|
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Shells: 2, 8, 18, 4 Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p2 Electronegativity: 1.8, 2.0 1. Ionization potential: 7.900 eV 2. Ionization potential: 15.934 eV 3. Ionization potential: 34.22 eV Oxidation states: 4 Electrical conductivity: 1.45e-8 10^6 |
Melting point: 937.4 °C Boiling point: 2830 °C Specific heat: 0.32 J/gK Heat of fusion: 36.940 kJ/mol Heat of vaporization: 330.90 kJ/mol Thermal conductivity: 0.599 W/cmK |
Atomic radius: 1.52 Å Ionic radius: 0.53 Å (+4) Covalent radius: 1.22 Å Atomic volume: 13.6 cm³/mol Density (293 K): 5.323 g/cm³ Crystal structure: kubisch flächenzentriert  |
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| Nuclide | Abundance [%] | Mass | Spin | Halflife | Decay mode | Decay tree |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 68Ge | 0 | 68 | 0 | 270.8d | EC | View |
| 69Ge | 0 | 69 | 5/2 | 1.63d | EC, β+ | View |
| 70Ge | 20.51 | 69.9242 | 0 | -- | -- | |
| 71Ge | 0 | 70.925 | 1/2 | 11.4d | EC | View |
| 72Ge | 27.43 | 71.9221 | 0 | -- | -- | |
| 73Ge | 7.76 | 72.9235 | 9/2 | -- | -- | |
| 74Ge | 36.54 | 73.9212 | 0 | -- | -- | |
| 76Ge | 7.76 | 75.9214 | 0 | -- | -- | |
| 77Ge | 0 | 77 | 7/2 | 11.3h | β- | View |
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| Name origin: | latein: Germania (Deutschland) |
| Description: | Grau-weisses Metall. |
| Discovered by: | Clemens Winkler |
| Year: | 1886 |
| Place: | Deutschland |
| Sources: | Aus der Raffination von Kupfer, Zink und Blei gewonnen. |
| Use(s): | Weit verbreitete Verwendung in der Herstellung von Halbleitern. Mit kleinen Mengen von Phosphor, Arsen, Gallium und Antimon kombiniert ergibt es einen guten Halbleiter. |
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| © 1998–2015 Information | ChemGlobe |
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