Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 9, 2
Orbitals: [Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electronegativity: 1.2, 1.1
1. Ionization potential: 6.217 eV
2. Ionization potential: 12.24 eV
3. Ionization potential: 20.52 eV
Oxidation states: 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0166 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 1522 °C ±8
Boiling point: 3338 °C
Specific heat: 0.30 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 11.40 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 363.0 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.172 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 2.27 Å
Ionic radius: 1.02 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.62 Å
Atomic volume: 19.8 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 4.47 g/cm³
Crystal structure: hexagonal
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