Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 15, 1
Orbitals: [Kr] 4d7 5s1
Electronegativity: 2.2, 1.4
1. Ionization potential: 7.3605 eV
2. Ionization potential: 16.76 eV
3. Ionization potential: 28.47 eV
Oxidation states: 8, 6, 4, 3, 2, 0, -2
Electrical conductivity: 0.137 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 2334 °C
Boiling point: 4150 °C
Specific heat: 0.238 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 24.0 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 595.0 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 1.17 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.89 Å
Ionic radius: 0.62 Å (+4)
Covalent radius: 1.25 Å
Atomic volume: 8.3 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 12.2 g/cm³
Crystal structure: hexagonal
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