Phosphorus

Non-Metal

Symbol: P
Atomic number: 15
Atomic mass: 30.973762
Group: Non-Metal
CAS-number: 7723-14-0

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Electronic data

Shells: 2, 8, 5
Orbitals: [Ne] 3s² 3p³
Electronegativity: 2.1, 2.1
1. Ionization potential: 10.4867 eV
2. Ionization potential: 19.725 eV
3. Ionization potential: 30.18 eV
Oxidation states: 5, 3, -3
Electrical conductivity: 1.0e-17 10^6

Thermal data

Melting point: 44.1 °C
Boiling point: 277 °C
Specific heat: 0.77 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 0.657 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 12.129 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.00235 W/cmK

Steric data

Atomic radius: 1.23 Å
Ionic radius: 0.17 Å (+5)
Covalent radius: 1.06 Å
Atomic volume: 17.0 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 1.82 g/cm³
Crystal structure: monoclinic

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
³¹P	100	30.9737620	1/2	--	--
³²P	0	31.9739	1	14.28d	β-	View
³³P	0	32.9717	1/2	24.3d	β-	View

Name origin:	Greek: phosphoros, (bringer of light)
Description:	Soft white waxy phosphorescent solid, brownish-red powder or black solid.
Discovered by:	Hennig Brand
Year:	1669
Place:	Germany
Sources:	Found most often in phosphate rock. Pure phosphorus is obtained by heating a mixture of phosphate rock, coke, and silica to about 1450 °C.
Use(s):	Used in the production of fertilizers and detergents. Some is used in fireworks, safety matches and incendiary weapons. Also, there are applications for its compounds which glow in the dark.

Phosphorus

Physical data

Electronic data

Thermal data

Steric data

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