Gold

Metal

Symbol: Au
Atomic number: 79
Atomic mass: 196.96654
Group: Transition Metal
CAS-number: 7440-57-5

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Electronic data

Shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 1
Orbitals: [Xe] 4f¹⁴ 5d¹⁰ 6s¹
Electronegativity: 2.4, 1.4
1. Ionization potential: 9.2257 eV
2. Ionization potential: 20.521 eV
3. Ionization potential: -- eV
Oxidation states: 3, 1
Electrical conductivity: 0.452 10^6

Thermal data

Melting point: 1064.43 °C
Boiling point: 2808 °C
Specific heat: 0.128 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 12.550 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 334.40 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 3.17 W/cmK

Steric data

Atomic radius: 1.79 Å
Ionic radius: 0.85 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.34 Å
Atomic volume: 10.2 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 19.32 g/cm³
Crystal structure: cubic face centered

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
¹⁹⁴Au	0	194	1	1.64d	EC, β+	View
¹⁹⁵Au	0	195	3/2	186.12d	EC	View
¹⁹⁵Aum	0	195	11/2	30.5s	IT	View
¹⁹⁶Au	0	196	2	6.18d	EC, β-, β+	View
¹⁹⁷Au	100	196.967	3/2	--	--
¹⁹⁷Aum	0	197	11	7.8s	IT	View
¹⁹⁸Au	0	198	2	2.694d	β-	View
¹⁹⁹Au	0	199	3/2	3.14d	β-	View

Name origin:	Anglo-Saxon: geolo (yellow); symbol from Latin: aurum (shining dawn).
Description:	Soft, malleable, bright yellow metal.
Discovered by:	Known to the ancients
Year:	--
Place:	Unknown
Sources:	Found in veins in the earth crust, with cooper ore and native.
Use(s):	Very malleable. Used in electronics, jewelry and coins. It is a good reflector of infrared radiation, so a thin film of gold is applied to the glass of skyscrapers to reduce internal heating from sunlight.

Gold

Physical data

Electronic data

Thermal data

Steric data

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