Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 3
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d10 4s2 4p1
Electronegativity: 1.6, 1.8
1. Ionization potential: 5.9993 eV
2. Ionization potential: 20.51 eV
3. Ionization potential: 30.71 eV
Oxidation states: 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0678 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 29.78 °C
Boiling point: 2204 °C
Specific heat: 0.37 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 5.590 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 258.70 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.406 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.81 Å
Ionic radius: 0.62 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.26 Å
Atomic volume: 11.8 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 5.907 g/cm³
Crystal structure: orthorhombic
){kind=link}
){kind=link}
){kind=link}
){kind=link}