Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 20, 8, 2
Orbitals: [Xe] 4f1 5d1 6s2
Electronegativity: --, 1.1
1. Ionization potential: 5.5387 eV
2. Ionization potential: 10.851 eV
3. Ionization potential: 20.20 eV
Oxidation states: 4, 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0115 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 798 °C ±3
Boiling point: 3433 °C
Specific heat: 0.19 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 5.460 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 414.0 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.114 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 2.70 Å
Ionic radius: 1.14 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.65 Å
Atomic volume: 20.67 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 6.78 g/cm³
Crystal structure: cubic face centered
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