Carbon

Non-Metal

Symbol: C
Atomic number: 6
Atomic mass: 12.011
Group: Non-Metal
CAS-number: 7440-44-0

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Electronic data

Shells: 2, 4
Orbitals: [He] 2s² 2p²
Electronegativity: 2.5, 2.5
1. Ionization potential: 11.2603 eV
2. Ionization potential: 24.383 eV
3. Ionization potential: 47.887 eV
Oxidation states: 4, 2, -4
Electrical conductivity: 0.00061 10^6

Thermal data

Melting point: 3825 °C (Sublimes)
Boiling point: 4827 °C
Specific heat: 0.71 J/gK
Heat of fusion: -- kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 355.80 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 1.29 W/cmK

Steric data

Atomic radius: 0.91 Å
Ionic radius: 0.16 Å (+4)
Covalent radius: 0.77 Å
Atomic volume: 4.58 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 2.62 g/cm³
Crystal structure: hexagonal

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
¹¹C	0	11	3/2	20.3m	β+	View
¹²C	98.892	12	0	--	--
¹³C	1.108	13.0034	1/2	--	--
¹⁴C	0	14.0032	0	5730y	β-	View
¹⁵C	0	15	1/2	2.45s	β-	View

Name origin:	Latin: carbo, (charcoal)
Description:	Allotropic forms include diamonds and graphite. Sixth most abundant element in the universe.
Discovered by:	Known to the ancients
Year:	--
Place:	Unknown
Sources:	Made by burning organic compounds with insufficient oxygen.
Use(s):	For making steel, in filters, and many more uses. Radiocarbon dating uses the C¹⁴ isotope to date old objects.

Carbon

Physical data

Electronic data

Thermal data

Steric data

Isotopes

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