Bromine

Non-Metal

Symbol: Br
Atomic number: 35
Atomic mass: 79.904
Group: Halogen
CAS-number: 7726-95-6

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Electronic data

Shells: 2, 8, 18, 7
Orbitals: [Ar] 3d¹⁰ 4s² 4p⁵
Electronegativity: 2.8, 2.7
1. Ionization potential: 11.8138 eV
2. Ionization potential: 21.8 eV
3. Ionization potential: 36.0 eV
Oxidation states: 7, 5, 3, 1, -1
Electrical conductivity: --

Thermal data

Melting point: -7.2 °C
Boiling point: 58.78 °C
Specific heat: 0.473 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 5.286 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 15.438 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.00122 W/cmK

Steric data

Atomic radius: 1.12 Å
Ionic radius: 1.96 Å (-1)
Covalent radius: 1.14 Å
Atomic volume: 25.6 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 3.119 g/cm³
Crystal structure: orthorhombic

Nuclide	Abundance [%]	Mass	Spin	Halflife	Decay mode	Decay tree
⁷⁶Br	0	76	1	16.0h	β+, EC	View
⁷⁷Br	0	76.921	3/2	2.376d	EC, β+	View
⁷⁹Br	50.54	78.9183	3/2	--	--
⁸⁰Br	0	80	1	17.66m	β-, EC, β+	View
⁸⁰Brm	0	80	9/2	4.42h	IT	View
⁸¹Br	49.46	80.9163	3/2	--	--
⁸²Br	0	81.917	5	1.471d	β-	View
⁸³Br	0	83	3/2	2.40h	β-, β-	View
⁸⁴Br	0	84	2	31.8m	β-	View
⁸⁵Br	0	85	3/2	2.87m	β-, β-	View

Name origin:	Greek: brômos (stench)
Description:	Redish-brown liquid.
Discovered by:	Antoine J. Balard
Year:	1826
Place:	France
Sources:	Occurs in compounds in sea water.
Use(s):	It was once used in large quantities to make a compound that removed lead compound build up in engines burning leaded gasoline. Now it is primarily used in dyes, disinfectants, and photographic chemicals.

Bromine

Physical data

Electronic data

Thermal data

Steric data

Isotopes

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