Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 32, 18, 5
Orbitals: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
Electronegativity: 1.9, 1.7
1. Ionization potential: 7.289 eV
2. Ionization potential: 16.687 eV
3. Ionization potential: 25.559 eV
Oxidation states: 5, 3
Electrical conductivity: 0.00867 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 271.3 °C
Boiling point: 1560 °C ±5
Specific heat: 0.12 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 11.30 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 104.80 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.0787 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.63 Å
Ionic radius: 1.03 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.46 Å
Atomic volume: 21.3 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 9.8 g/cm³
Crystal structure: rhombohedral
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