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Carbon

Non-Metalsolid
Symbol: C
Atomic number: 6
Atomic mass: 12.011
Group: Non-Metal
CAS-number: 7440-44-0

Physical data
Isotopes
Other info
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Physical data

Electronic data

Shells: 2, 4
Orbitals: [He] 2s2 2p2
Electronegativity: 2.5, 2.5
1. Ionization potential: 11.2603 eV
2. Ionization potential: 24.383 eV
3. Ionization potential: 47.887 eV
Oxidation states: 4, 2, -4
Electrical conductivity: 0.00061 10^6

Thermal data

Melting point: 3825 °C (Sublimes)
Boiling point: 4827 °C
Specific heat: 0.71 J/gK
Heat of fusion: -- kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 355.80 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 1.29 W/cmK

Steric data

Atomic radius: 0.91 Å
Ionic radius: 0.16 Å (+4)
Covalent radius: 0.77 Å
Atomic volume: 4.58 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 2.62 g/cm³
Crystal structure: hexagonal
hexagonal

Isotopes

NuclideAbundance [%]MassSpinHalflifeDecay modeDecay tree
11C 0 11 3/2 20.3m β+ View
12C 98.892 12 0 -- --
13C 1.108 13.0034 1/2 -- --
14C 0 14.0032 0 5730y β- View
15C 0 15 1/2 2.45s β- View

Other info

Name origin:Latin: carbo, (charcoal)
Description:Allotropic forms include diamonds and graphite. Sixth most abundant element in the universe.
Discovered by:Known to the ancients
Year:--
Place:Unknown
Sources:Made by burning organic compounds with insufficient oxygen.
Use(s):For making steel, in filters, and many more uses. Radiocarbon dating uses the C14 isotope to date old objects.