Electronic data
Shells: 2, 8, 18, 18, 5
Orbitals: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
Electronegativity: 1.9, 1.8
1. Ionization potential: 8.64 eV
2. Ionization potential: 16.53 eV
3. Ionization potential: 25.30 eV
Oxidation states: 5, 3, -3
Electrical conductivity: 0.0288 10^6
Thermal data
Melting point: 630.74 °C
Boiling point: 1587 °C
Specific heat: 0.21 J/gK
Heat of fusion: 19.870 kJ/mol
Heat of vaporization: 77.140 kJ/mol
Thermal conductivity: 0.243 W/cmK
Steric data
Atomic radius: 1.53 Å
Ionic radius: 0.76 Å (+3)
Covalent radius: 1.40 Å
Atomic volume: 18.23 cm³/mol
Density (293 K): 6.684 g/cm³
Crystal structure: rhombohedral
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